Quota

What is Quota

Before we dive into the world of Vite, it's important to first take a look at how Ethereum works. Ethereum in its current state is still a proof of work blockchain. In order to have transaction executed quickly, users usually need to offer miners competitive gas fees. The higher the fee, the faster a transaction will be executed. This is a typical bidding model, where system's processing capacity and pending transaction amounts are balanced by the cost of gas price. However, this model does not make it easy for a user to gauge what price is reasonable at a given time. Too low or too high a gas price will cause market failure. Moreover, Ethereum's gas is associated with transactions, there is no measurement to allocate computational resources efficiently at account level.

The Vite network does not charge gas fees in the form of its native currency. Instead, all transactions on the Vite chain consume Quota. This includes sending/receiving tokens, deploying smart contract, calling smart contract, issuing token, registering SBP, withdrawing SBP rewards, voting, and staking. A unique Quota generation and consumption model is implemented on the Vite network.

To get Quota for an address, one can choose one of the following:

• Obtain one-time Quota by calculating a Proof-of-Work (PoW) puzzle upon sending transactions.
• Lock the native currency VITE.

Note: Obtaining Quota through PoW doesn't apply to smart contract address.

Quota Consumption Rules

Transactions on Vite consume different amount of Quota. The following table lists the Quota consumption of common transactions on Vite:

Please note that the Minimum Locking Amount for VITE at the end of the column does not ensure the Quota amount one gets upon locking.

Transaction Type	Raw Quota Consumed	In Unit Quota (Quota)	Minimum Lock Amount（VITE）
Send Transaction without Comment	21000	1	134
Receive Transaction	21000	1	134
Create Smart Contract	31000	1.4762	267
Register SBP	168000	8	1067
Update Block Creation Address	168000	8	1067
Update SBP Reward Withdrawal Address	168000	8	1067
Cancel SBP Registration	126000	6	534
Withdraw SBP Rewards	147000	7	934
Vote	84000	4	534
Cancel Vote	52500	2.5	400
Stake for Quota	105000	5	667
Cancel Stake	105000	5	667
Stake for Quota with Callback	115500	5.5	800
Cancel Stake with Callback	115500	5.5	800
Issue New Token	189000	9	1200
Re-Issue (Mint) Token	126000	6	800
Burn Token	115500	5.5	800
Transfer Token Ownership	136500	6.5	934
Change Token Type	115500	5.5	800
Get Token Info	31500	1.5	267
ViteX Place Order	25200	1.2	267
ViteX Cancel Order	15200	0.7238	134
ViteX Deposit Fund	10500	0.5	134
ViteX Withdraw Fund	10500	0.5	134
ViteX Internal Transfer	10500	0.5	134

In addition, each byte in the transaction's comment will cost 28 raw Quota.

For example, performing a send transaction with a comment of '0x0001' (two bytes) will consume ${\it Q} = 21000 + 28 * 2 = 21056$ raw Quota, which translates to 1.0027 Quota.

Additional Quota Cost

• Due to the implementation of VEP-8 (opens new window), a 2-bytes prefix will be added in front of the original comment when sending a transaction from the Vite official wallet. This will cost additional 56 raw Quota.
• If Response Latency is assigned when creating a smart contract, an additional raw Quota of $40 \times ResponseLatency$ will be charged for each response transaction of the contract.

Response latency is a positive integer that specifies after how many snapshot blocks the contract will produce the response transaction upon request.

Epoch

An epoch on Vite refers to continuous 75 snapshot blocks, approximately 75 seconds. Epoch is used to measure available Quota and transaction processing capacity for an address.

Epoch v.s Round

A Round is precisely 75 seconds, and it reflects the timeframe how often the SBPs are selected, while an Epoch stands for 75 snapshot blocks, it could be longer than 75 seconds if one or more of the SBPs misses to produce the block.

Quota Calculation

Quota is received according to the following formulas:

$$Q_{PoW}=Qm \times (1- \frac{2}{1+e^{Qc \times \xi d \times \rho d}})$$

$$Q_{Lock}=Qm \times (1- \frac{2}{1+e^{Qc \times \xi s \times \rho s}})$$

• $Q_{PoW}$: One-time Quota obtained through PoW. Works only for the current transaction
• $Q_{Lock}$: Quota obtained through locking VITE. This Quota is replenished every snapshot block, and, if not used, it's able to accumulate for up to 75 snapshot blocks (an epoch).
• $Qm$: Quota cap for transaction. The maximum Quota that an address can use for a single transaction.
• $Qc$: Quota factor, related to the total Quota consumed in the last 74 snapshot blocks
• $\xi d$: Difficulty of PoW puzzle that has been resolved
• $\rho d$: Calculation weight of PoW
• $\xi s$: Locked VITE amount for an address
• $\rho s$: Calculation weight of locking VITE

On the Vite network, Quota cap and calculation weights are following constants:

• $Qm$ = 1000000
• $\rho d$ = 6.259408129e-10
• $\rho s$ = 4.201037667e-24

Quota factor is calculated by the following formula:

$$Qc = \begin{cases} 1, & \text{for } g \leq 1050000 \\ 2-e^{8.260667775706495e-09 \times (g - 1050000)}, & \text{for } 1050000 < g \leq 2100000 \\ e^{1.6949794096275418e-10 \times (2100000-g)}-0.9, & \text{for } g > 2100000 \\ \end{cases}$$

• $g$: Average Quota consumed in the last 74 snapshot blocks

UTPS: Unit transactions per second, referring to the number of basic transactions (consuming 21000 raw Quota or 1 Quota) that an address can send in every snapshot block.

$$UTPS=\frac{Q_{Lock}}{21000}$$

UTPE: Unit transactions per epoch, referring to the number of basic transactions (consuming 21000 raw Quota or 1 Quota) that an address can send in every 75 snapshot blocks

$$UTPE=UTPS \times 75$$

The Available Quota of an address is determined by UTPS, Quota consumption during the last 74 snapshot blocks, and PoW. For example, Address_A locked 10000 VITE and obtains 1 UTPS Quota (non-accumulated), and if the address has no transaction in the last 74 snapshot blocks, the Available Quota for Address_A is 75 Quota. Similarly, Address_B locked 10000 VITE and obtains 1 UTPS Quota (non-accumulated), and there is no transaction for the address in the last 74 snapshot blocks, meanwhile it also calculated a PoW that is equivalent to 2 Quota. In this case, the available Quota of Address_B is 77 Quota.

Quota Cap for a Single Transaction

For a single transaction, the maximum quota it can consume is $\frac{Qm}{21000}\approx47.62$ Quota

For practical use, we calculated $(\xi d \times \rho d)$ or $(\xi s \times \rho s)$ under different parameters and mapped the values to Quota, UTPS and UTPE, as displayed in the following table:

$(\xi d \times \rho d)$ or $(\xi s \times \rho s)$	Raw Quota	UTPS	UTPE	Approximately equivalent to how much VITE locked without calculating PoW	Approximately equivalent to how difficult the PoW solved without locking
0.0	0	0	0	0	0
$(0, 0.0005600000146345639]$	280	1/75	1	134	894654
$(0.0005600000146345639, 0.0011200001170773874]$	560	2/75	2	267	1789307
$(0.0011200001170773874, 0.0016800003951362111]$	840	3/75	3	400	2683961
$(0.0016800003951362111, 0.002240000936619286]$	1120	4/75	4	534	3578615
$(0.002240000936619286, 0.002800001829335484]$	1400	5/75	5	667	4473270
$(0.002800001829335484, 0.003360003161093523]$	1680	6/75	6	800	5367925
$(0.003360003161093523, 0.003920005019702078]$	1960	7/75	7	934	6262581
$(0.003920005019702078, 0.004480007492972107]$	2240	8/75	8	1067	7157239
$(0.004480007492972107, 0.0050400106687125265]$	2520	9/75	9	1200	8051897
$(0.0050400106687125265, 0.005600014634735637]$	2800	10/75	10	1334	8946557
$(0.005600014634735637, 0.006160019478852362]$	3080	11/75	11	1467	9841218
$(0.006160019478852362, 0.006720025288875452]$	3360	12/75	12	1600	10735880
$(0.006720025288875452, 0.0072800321526182606]$	3640	13/75	13	1733	11630544
$(0.0072800321526182606, 0.007840040157895736]$	3920	14/75	14	1867	12525211
$(0.007840040157895736, 0.008400049392522762]$	4200	15/75	15	2000	13419879
$(0.008400049392522762, 0.008960059944316465]$	4480	16/75	16	2133	14314549
$(0.008960059944316465, 0.009520071901094992]$	4760	17/75	17	2267	15209221
$(0.009520071901094992, 0.01008008535067674]$	5040	18/75	18	2400	16103896
$(0.01008008535067674, 0.010640100380883094]$	5320	19/75	19	2533	16998573
$(0.010640100380883094, 0.011200117079536328]$	5600	20/75	20	2667	17893253
$(0.011200117079536328, 0.011760135534459705]$	5880	21/75	21	2800	18787936
$(0.011760135534459705, 0.012320155833478902]$	6160	22/75	22	2933	19682622
$(0.012320155833478902, 0.012880178064420343]$	6440	23/75	23	3066	20577310
$(0.012880178064420343, 0.013440202315113498]$	6720	24/75	24	3200	21472002
$(0.013440202315113498, 0.01400022867338966]$	7000	25/75	25	3333	22366698
$(0.01400022867338966, 0.01456025722708073]$	7280	26/75	26	3466	23261397
$(0.01456025722708073, 0.015120288064022377]$	7560	27/75	27	3600	24156099
$(0.015120288064022377, 0.015680321272051077]$	7840	28/75	28	3733	25050806
$(0.015680321272051077, 0.01624035693900638]$	8120	29/75	29	3866	25945516
$(0.01624035693900638, 0.016800395152729273]$	8400	30/75	30	4000	26840230
$(0.016800395152729273, 0.017360436001064444]$	8680	31/75	31	4133	27734949
$(0.017360436001064444, 0.01792047957185776]$	8960	32/75	32	4266	28629672
$(0.01792047957185776, 0.018480525952958973]$	9240	33/75	33	4400	29524399
$(0.018480525952958973, 0.019040575232219203]$	9520	34/75	34	4533	30419131
$(0.019040575232219203, 0.019600627497492765]$	9800	35/75	35	4666	31313868
$(0.019600627497492765, 0.020160682836636825]$	10080	36/75	36	4799	32208609
$(0.020160682836636825, 0.020720741337511922]$	10360	37/75	37	4933	33103356
$(0.020720741337511922, 0.021280803087980315]$	10640	38/75	38	5066	33998108
$(0.021280803087980315, 0.021840868175909127]$	10920	39/75	39	5199	34892865
$(0.021840868175909127, 0.022400936689166498]$	11200	40/75	40	5333	35787628
$(0.022400936689166498, 0.022961008715626032]$	11480	41/75	41	5466	36682396
$(0.022961008715626032, 0.02352108434316254]$	11760	42/75	42	5599	37577171
$(0.02352108434316254, 0.024081163659656016]$	12040	43/75	43	5733	38471951
$(0.024081163659656016, 0.02464124675298827]$	12320	44/75	44	5866	39366737
$(0.02464124675298827, 0.025201333711046034]$	12600	45/75	45	5999	40261529
$(0.025201333711046034, 0.025761424621719303]$	12880	46/75	46	6133	41156327
$(0.025761424621719303, 0.02632151957290144]$	13160	47/75	47	6266	42051132
$(0.02632151957290144, 0.026881618652489236]$	13440	48/75	48	6399	42945944
$(0.026881618652489236, 0.027441721948384734]$	13720	49/75	49	6533	43840762
$(0.027441721948384734, 0.028001829548493135]$	14000	50/75	50	6666	44735587
$(0.028001829548493135, 0.02856194154072289]$	14280	51/75	51	6799	45630419
$(0.02856194154072289, 0.02912205801298835]$	14560	52/75	52	6933	46525259
$(0.02912205801298835, 0.029682179053206414]$	14840	53/75	53	7066	47420105
$(0.029682179053206414, 0.030242304749299606]$	15120	54/75	54	7199	48314960
$(0.030242304749299606, 0.030802435189193574]$	15400	55/75	55	7333	49209821
$(0.030802435189193574, 0.03136257046081975]$	15680	56/75	56	7466	50104691
$(0.03136257046081975, 0.03192271065211283]$	15960	57/75	57	7599	50999568
$(0.03192271065211283, 0.03248285585101344]$	16240	58/75	58	7733	51894453
$(0.03248285585101344, 0.03304300614546563]$	16520	59/75	59	7866	52789346
$(0.03304300614546563, 0.033603161623419094]$	16800	60/75	60	7999	53684248
$(0.033603161623419094, 0.03416332237282837]$	17080	61/75	61	8133	54579158
$(0.03416332237282837, 0.03472348848165249]$	17360	62/75	62	8266	55474077
$(0.03472348848165249, 0.03528366003785593]$	17640	63/75	63	8399	56369004
$(0.03528366003785593, 0.03584383712940819]$	17920	64/75	64	8533	57263940
$(0.03584383712940819, 0.036404019844283514]$	18200	65/75	65	8666	58158886
$(0.036404019844283514, 0.036964208270462595]$	18480	66/75	66	8799	59053840
$(0.036964208270462595, 0.037524402495930566]$	18760	67/75	67	8933	59948804
$(0.037524402495930566, 0.038084602608677874]$	19040	68/75	68	9066	60843776
$(0.038084602608677874, 0.03864480869670122]$	19320	69/75	69	9199	61738759
$(0.03864480869670122, 0.03920502084800278]$	19600	70/75	70	9333	62633751
$(0.03920502084800278, 0.039765239150590236]$	19880	71/75	71	9466	63528753
$(0.039765239150590236, 0.04032546369247644]$	20160	72/75	72	9599	64423765
$(0.04032546369247644, 0.04088569456168163]$	20440	73/75	73	9733	65318787
$(0.04088569456168163, 0.04144593184623087]$	20720	74/75	74	9866	66213820
$(0, 0.042006175634155006]$	21000	1	75	10000	67108863
$(0.042006175634155006, 0.08404944434245186]$	42000	2	150	20007	134276984
$(0.08404944434245186, 0.1261670961035256]$	63000	3	225	30033	201563940
$(0.1261670961035256, 0.16839681732546105]$	84000	4	300	40085	269029937
$(0.16839681732546105, 0.2107768956769977]$	105000	5	375	50173	336736144
$(0.2107768956769977, 0.25334643304410037]$	126000	6	450	60306	404745030
$(0.25334643304410037, 0.2961455696376917]$	147000	7	525	70494	473120723
$(0.2961455696376917, 0.3392157225669637]$	168000	8	600	80746	541929390
$(0.3392157225669637, 0.382599842575369]$	189000	9	675	91073	611239649
$(0.382599842575369, 0.4263426931297194]$	210000	10	750	101486	681123015
$(0.4263426931297194, 0.4704911566788094]$	231000	11	825	111995	751654385
$(0.4704911566788094, 0.5150945736855665]$	252000	12	900	122612	822912588
$(0.5150945736855665, 0.5602051210238872]$	273000	13	975	133350	894980979
$(0.5602051210238872, 0.605878237567604]$	294000	14	1050	144222	967948128
$(0.605878237567604, 0.6521731063496397]$	315000	15	1125	155241	1041908585
$(0.6521731063496397, 0.6991532046201573]$	336000	16	1200	166424	1116963762
$(0.6991532046201573, 0.7468869355972497]$	357000	17	1275	177787	1193222938
$(0.7468869355972497, 0.7954483588344243]$	378000	18	1350	189346	1270804432
$(0.7954483588344243, 0.8449180401302736]$	399000	19	1425	201122	1349836954
$(0.8449180401302736, 0.8953840470548413]$	420000	20	1500	213135	1430461202
$(0.8953840470548413, 0.9469431228444231]$	441000	21	1575	225407	1512831730
$(0.9469431228444231, 0.9997020801479394]$	462000	22	1650	237966	1597119184
$(0.9997020801479394, 1.053779467629503]$	483000	23	1725	250838	1683512956
$(1.053779467629503, 1.1093075777848576]$	504000	24	1800	264056	1772224394
$(1.1093075777848576, 1.1664348850068706]$	525000	25	1875	277654	1863490703
$(1.1664348850068706, 1.2253290311060194]$	546000	26	1950	291673	1957579704
$(1.2253290311060194, 1.286180514353531]$	567000	27	2025	306158	2054795738
$(1.286180514353531, 1.3492072924575544]$	588000	28	2100	321161	2155487012
$(1.3492072924575544, 1.4146605870070175]$	609000	29	2175	336741	2260054878
$(1.4146605870070175, 1.4828322881625378]$	630000	30	2250	352969	2368965656
$(1.4828322881625378, 1.554064521717701]$	651000	31	2325	369924	2482765926
$(1.554064521717701, 1.6287621852605034]$	672000	32	2400	387705	2602102550
$(1.6287621852605034, 1.707409634545938]$	693000	33	2475	406426	2727749333
$(1.707409634545938, 1.7905932883378723]$	714000	34	2550	426227	2860643134
$(1.7905932883378723, 1.8790328663947373]$	735000	35	2625	447279	3001933774
$(1.8790328663947373, 1.97362554890186]$	756000	36	2700	469795	3153054584
$(1.97362554890186, 2.0755100566945326]$	777000	37	2775	494048	3315824778
$(2.0755100566945326, 2.186162517630361]$	798000	38	2850	520387	3492602612
$(2.186162517630361, 2.3075451472522963]$	819000	39	2925	549280	3686522911
$(2.3075451472522963, 2.4423470353692043]$	840000	40	3000	581368	3901881752
$(2.4423470353692043, 2.594395323511559]$	861000	41	3075	617561	4144793358
$(2.594395323511559, 2.7694056956796604]$	882000	42	3150	659220	4424389078
$(2.7694056956796604, 2.976475888792767]$	903000	43	3225	708510	4755203412
$(2.976475888792767, 3.2314282909393213]$	924000	44	3300	769198	5162514130
$(3.2314282909393213, 3.5656840708200748]$	945000	45	3375	848763	5696519539
$(3.5656840708200748, 4.057395776090949]$	966000	46	3450	965808	6482075769
$(4.057395776090949, 5.029431885090279]$	987000	47	3525	1197189	8034995932

According to the table, regardless of PoW, locking 10000 VITE will receive 1 Quota, equivalent to 1 UTPS or 75 UTPE, while locking 20007 VITE will receive 2 Quota, equivalent to 2 UTPS or 150 UTPE. In addition, locking 134 VITE is able to send a transaction without comment after waiting for 74 snapshot blocks (assuming no transactions during the time), which translates to 1 UTPE.

Dynamic Quota Consumption

To prevent from network congestion, a scheme called Dynamic Quota Consumption is implemented on the Vite network. When Dynamic Quota kicks in, the total Quota consumed in last 74 snapshot blocks is referenced to measure the congestion in order to adjust Quota consumption accordingly. The higher congestion the network is in, the more VITE locked or more difficult PoW is required to perform transactions.

Factor $Qc$ in the Quota calculation formula is specifically for this purpose.

The following table shows the minimum required amount of VITE locked to perform a send transaction without comment under different congestion situations.

Average Quota Consumption during last 74 snapshot blocks (Quota)	Congestion Factor	The Minimum Locking Amount (VITE)
0-50	1	134
51	0.987079620361328125	135
52	0.97399139404296875	137
53	0.960735321044921875	139
54	0.947307586669921875	141
55	0.93370819091796875	143
56	0.919933319091796875	145
57	0.905979156494140625	147
58	0.891841888427734375	150
59	0.877529144287109375	152
60	0.8630218505859375	155
61	0.84833526611328125	157
62	0.833454132080078125	160
63	0.81838226318359375	163
64	0.8031158447265625	166
65	0.787654876708984375	170
66	0.771991729736328125	173
67	0.756122589111328125	177
68	0.740055084228515625	181
69	0.72377777099609375	185
70	0.707286834716796875	189
71	0.690586090087890625	194
72	0.67366790771484375	198
73	0.656536102294921875	204
74	0.6391754150390625	209
75	0.621593475341796875	215
76	0.603786468505859375	221
77	0.58574676513671875	228
78	0.567474365234375	236
79	0.548969268798828125	244
80	0.53022003173828125	252
81	0.51123046875	262
82	0.491994857788085938	272
83	0.472513198852539062	283
84	0.452777862548828125	295
85	0.432788848876953125	309
86	0.412540435791015625	324
87	0.392030715942382812	341
88	0.371255874633789062	360
89	0.350214004516601562	382
90	0.328899383544921875	407
91	0.307306289672851562	436
92	0.28543853759765625	469
93	0.263286590576171875	508
94	0.240848541259765625	556
95	0.218120574951171875	614
96	0.195098876953125	686
97	0.171779632568359375	780
98	0.148159980773925781	904
99	0.124234199523925781	1078
100	0.0999999046325683594	1339
101	0.0997366905212402344	1343
102	0.0994729995727539062	1347
103	0.0992097854614257812	1350
104	0.0989465713500976562	1354
105	0.0986838340759277344	1357
106	0.0984206199645996094	1361
107	0.0981578826904296875	1365
108	0.0978946685791015625	1368
109	0.0976319313049316406	1372
110	0.0973691940307617188	1376
111	0.0971064567565917969	1379
112	0.0968441963195800781	1383
113	0.0965814590454101562	1387
114	0.0963191986083984375	1391
115	0.0960564613342285156	1395
116	0.0957942008972167969	1398
117	0.0955319404602050781	1402
118	0.0952696800231933594	1406
119	0.0950074195861816406	1410
120	0.0947461128234863281	1414
121	0.0944838523864746094	1418
122	0.0942220687866210938	1422
123	0.093959808349609375	1426
124	0.0936980247497558594	1430
125	0.0934362411499023438	1434
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498	0.000474780797958374023	282235
499	0.000237626954913139343	563908
500	5.36001607542857528e-07	249999999

Two Ways to Obtain Quota

Locking VITE

Quota can be obtained through locking VITE. The beneficiary address will receive the corresponding Quota after the locking transaction is successful.

• Locking amount: The minimum locking amount is 134 VITE
• Address of the Quota beneficiary: The address that receives Quota. This is can be any valid Vite address. In other words, you can lock for yourself or others.

The locked VITE coins will be deducted from user's balance and stay in the built-in contract during the whole locking period. The locking address is able to retrieve the full amount after 259,200 snapshot blocks (about 3 days) by sending a cancel transaction.

Calculating PoW Puzzle

Users can obtain one-time Quota by calculating a PoW puzzle upon sending transactions. For example, the difficulty required for performing a send transaction without comment through PoW is 0x3FFFFFF.

Calculation Steps

1. Convert $difficulty$ to $target$ according to the following equation:

$$target=\frac{2^{256}}{1+\frac{1}{difficulty}}$$

• $difficulty$: a 256-bit number, padding 0 in front if the number is less than 256 bits length
• $target$: a 256-bit number, usually the first bit is 1.

For example, given $difficulty$ = 0x3FFFFFF, we can get $target$ = 0xFFFFFFC000000000.

2. Calculate $nonce$ based on transaction's data. In this step, a wide range of random numbers are assigned to $nonce$ until the following condition is satisfied:

$$blake2b(blake2b(address+prevHash) + nonce) > target$$

• $blake2b$: BLAKE2b hash function
• $address$: user's Vite address
• $prevHash$: the hash of previous account block