Vite VM Instructions
Vite VM retains semantics of most EVM instructions. However, since Vite adopts different ledger structure and transaction definition that are different from Ethereum, some EVM instructions need to be redefined, such as those to query block information.
The instruction set in Vite VM is as follows:
0s: Stop and Arithmetic Operations
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x00 | STOP | 0 | 0 | Halt execution | Same semantics |
| 0x01 | ADD | 2 | 1 | Add two operands | Same semantics |
| 0x02 | MUL | 2 | 1 | Multiply two operands | Same semantics |
| 0x03 | SUB | 2 | 1 | Subtract two operands | Same semantics |
| 0x04 | DIV | 2 | 1 | Integer division operation. If the divisor is 0 then returns 0 | Same semantics |
| 0x05 | SDIV | 2 | 1 | Signed integer division operation | Same semantics |
| 0x06 | MOD | 2 | 1 | Modulo remainder operation | Same semantics |
| 0x07 | SMOD | 2 | 1 | Signed modulo remainder operation | Same semantics |
| 0x08 | ADDMOD | 3 | 1 | Modulo addition operation. Add the former two operands and modulo 3rd one | Same semantics |
| 0x09 | MULMOD | 3 | 1 | Modulo multiplication operation. Multiply the former two operands and modulo 3rd one | Same semantics |
| 0x0A | EXP | 2 | 1 | Exponential operation | Same semantics |
| 0x0B | SIGNEXTEND | 2 | 1 | Extend length of two’s complement signed integer | Same semantics |
10s: Comparison and Bitwise Logic Operations
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x10 | LT | 2 | 1 | Less-than comparison | Same semantics |
| 0x11 | GT | 2 | 1 | Greater-than comparison | Same semantics |
| 0x12 | SLT | 2 | 1 | Signed less-than comparison | Same semantics |
| 0x13 | SGT | 2 | 1 | Signed greater-than comparison | Same semantics |
| 0x14 | EQ | 2 | 1 | Equality comparison | Same semantics |
| 0x15 | ISZERO | 1 | 1 | Zero or not | Same semantics |
| 0x16 | AND | 2 | 1 | Bitwise AND operation | Same semantics |
| 0x17 | OR | 2 | 1 | Bitwise OR operation | Same semantics |
| 0x18 | XOR | 2 | 1 | Bitwise XOR operation | Same semantics |
| 0x19 | NOT | 1 | 1 | Bitwise NOT operation | Same semantics |
| 0x1A | BYTE | 2 | 1 | Retrieve single byte from 2nd operand | Same semantics |
| 0x1B | SHL | 2 | 1 | Shift left | Same semantics |
| 0x1C | SHR | 2 | 1 | Shift right | Same semantics |
| 0x1D | SAR | 2 | 1 | Arithmetic shift right | Same semantics |
20s: SHA3 Instruction Set
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x21 | BLAKE2B | 2 | 1 | Compute Blake2b hash | Blake2b is the hash algorithm used in Vite. SHA3 is not provided |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x30 | ADDRESS | 0 | 1 | Get address of currently executing account | Same semantics |
| 0x31 | BALANCE | 1 | 1 | Get specific token's balance of current account | Add token id as operand. This instruction should not be used to obtain balance of any other account |
| 0x32 | ORIGIN | - | - | Get account address from which the execution is originated | Not provided, Vite doesn't maintain casual relationship between inner Tx and user Tx |
| 0x33 | CALLER | 0 | 1 | Get caller address which is directly responsible for this execution | Same semantics |
| 0x34 | CALLVALUE | 0 | 1 | Get transfer amount of called transaction | Same semantics |
| 0x35 | CALLDATALOAD | 1 | 1 | Get input data of current call | Same semantics |
| 0x36 | CALLDATASIZE | 0 | 1 | Get size of input data in current call | Same semantics |
| 0x37 | CALLDATACOPY | 3 | 0 | Copy input data in current call to memory | Same semantics |
| 0x38 | CODESIZE | 0 | 1 | Get size of code running in current environment | Same semantics |
| 0x39 | CODECOPY | 3 | 0 | Copy code running in current environment to memory | Same semantics |
| 0x3A | GASPRICE | - | - | - | Not provided, Vite doesn't charge transaction fee |
| 0x3B | EXTCODESIZE | 1 | 1 | Get size of an account’s code | Currently not provided |
| 0x3C | EXTCODECOPY | 4 | 0 | Copy a specific account’s code to memory | Currently not provided |
| 0x3D | RETURNDATASIZE | 0 | 1 | Get size of output data from the previous call | Same semantics |
| 0x3E | RETURNDATACOPY | 3 | 0 | Copy output data from the previous call to memory | Same semantics |
| 0x3F | EXTCODEHASH | 1 | 1 | Get the hash of an account’s code | Currently not provided |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x40 | BLOCKHASH | - | - | Get the hash of one block | Not provided |
| 0x41 | COINBASE | - | - | Get the block's beneficiary address | Not provided |
| 0x42 | TIMESTAMP | 0 | 1 | Get the block’s timestamp | Different semantics. Return latest snapshot block timestamp |
| 0x43 | HEIGHT | 0 | 1 | Get the block’s number | Different semantics. Return latest snapshot block height |
| 0x44 | DIFFICULTY | - | - | Get the block’s difficulty | Not provided |
| 0x45 | GASLIMIT | - | - | Get the block’s gas limit | Not provided |
| 0x46 | TOKENID | 0 | 1 | Get Tx's transfer token id | Additional |
| 0x47 | ACCOUNTHEIGHT | 0 | 1 | Get account block height | Additional |
| 0x48 | PREVHASH | 0 | 1 | Get the hash of previous account block | Additional |
| 0x49 | FROMHASH | 0 | 1 | Get the hash of request Tx | Additional |
| 0x4A | SEED | 0 | 1 | Get random seed. This instruction will return the same random number in one transaction | Additional |
| 0x4B | RANDOM | 0 | 1 | Get next random seed. This instruction can return different random numbers in one transaction | Additional |
50s: Stack, Memory, Storage and Flow Operations
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x50 | POP | 1 | 0 | Remove item from stack | Same semantics |
| 0x51 | MLOAD | 1 | 1 | Load word from memory | Same semantics |
| 0x52 | MSTORE | 2 | 0 | Save word to memory | Same semantics |
| 0x53 | MSTORE8 | 2 | 0 | Save byte to memory | Same semantics |
| 0x54 | SLOAD | 1 | 1 | Load word from storage | Same semantics |
| 0x55 | SSTORE | 2 | 0 | Save word to storage | Same semantics |
| 0x56 | JUMP | 1 | 0 | Alter the program counter | Same semantics |
| 0x57 | JUMPI | 2 | 0 | Conditionally alter the program counter | Same semantics |
| 0x58 | PC | 0 | 1 | Get the value of the program counter | Same semantics |
| 0x59 | MSIZE | 0 | 1 | Get the size of active memory in bytes | Same semantics |
| 0x5A | GAS | - | - | Get the amount of available gas | Not provided |
| 0x5B | JUMPDEST | 0 | 0 | Mark a valid destination for jump instructions | Same semantics |
60s & 70s: Push Operations
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x60 | PUSH1 | 0 | 1 | Place 1 byte item on stack | Same semantics |
| 0x61 | PUSH2 | 0 | 1 | Place 2-byte item on stack | Same semantics |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 0x7F | PUSH32 | 0 | 1 | Place 32-byte (full word) item on stack | Same semantics |
80s: Duplication Operations
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x80 | DUP1 | 1 | 2 | Duplicate 1st stack item | Same semantics |
| 0x81 | DUP2 | 2 | 3 | Duplicate 2nd stack item | Same semantics |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 0x8F | DUP16 | 16 | 17 | Duplicate 2nd stack item | Same semantics |
90s: Exchange Operations
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0x90 | SWAP1 | 2 | 2 | Exchange 1st and 2nd stack items | Same semantics |
| 0x91 | SWAP2 | 3 | 3 | Exchange 1st and 3rd stack items | Same semantics |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 0x9F | SWAP16 | 17 | 17 | Exchange 1st and 17th stack items | Same semantics |
a0s: Logging Operations
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0xA0 | LOG0 | 2 | 0 | Append log record with no topics | Same semantics |
| 0xA1 | LOG1 | 3 | 0 | Append log record with one topic | Same semantics |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 0xA4 | LOG4 | 6 | 0 | Append log record with four topics | Same semantics |
f0s: System Operations
| Opcode | Mnemonic | POP | PUSH | Description | Differential with EVM |
|---|
| 0xF0 | CREATE | - | - | Create a new contract | Not provided |
| 0xF1 | CALL | 5 | 0 | Call another contract | Call another contract asynchronously with no return value |
| 0xF2 | CALLCODE | - | - | Change current account's status with calling an alternative contract’s code | Not provided |
| 0xF3 | RETURN | 2 | 0 | Halt execution and return output data | Same semantics |
| 0xF4 | DELEGATECALL | 6 | 1 | Call another contract's code, change contract and current account's status but persisting the original transaction info | Not provided |
| 0xFA | STATICCALL | - | - | Call another contract, not allowed to change the status | Not provided |
| 0xFD | REVERT | 2 | 0 | Halt execution, recover status and return output data | Same semantics |
| 0xFF | SELFDESTRUCT | 1 | 0 | Halt execution, set contract status as later deletion and return all of the balances | Not provided |
